24,899 research outputs found
Observation of confined propagation in Bragg waveguides
A new type of waveguiding in a slab dielectric bounded on one side by air and on the other by a periodic layered medium (grown by molecular beam epitaxy) has been demonstrated
Spin-polarized tunneling spectroscopic studies of the intrinsic heterogeneity and pseudogap phenomena in colossal magnetoresistive manganite La_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_{3}
Spatially resolved tunneling spectroscopic studies of colossal
magnetoresistive (CMR) manganite (LCMO) epitaxial
films on substrate are investigated as
functions of temperature, magnetic field and spin polarization by means of
scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Systematic surveys of the tunneling spectra
taken with Pt/Ir tips reveal spatial variations on the length scale of a few
hundred nanometers in the ferromagnetic state, which may be attributed to the
intrinsic heterogeneity of the manganites due to their tendency towards phase
separation. The electronic heterogeneity is found to decrease either with
increasing field at low temperatures or at temperatures above all magnetic
ordering temperatures. On the other hand, spectra taken with Cr-coated tips are
consistent with convoluted electronic properties of both LCMO and Cr. In
particular, for temperatures below the magnetic ordering temperatures of both
Cr and LCMO, the magnetic-field dependent tunneling spectra may be
quantitatively explained by the scenario of spin-polarized tunneling in a
spin-valve configuration. Moreover, a low-energy insulating energy gap eV commonly found in the tunneling conductance spectra of bulk metallic
LCMO at may be attributed to a surface ferromagnetic insulating (FI)
phase, as evidenced by its spin filtering effect at low temperatures and
vanishing gap value above the Curie temperature. Additionally, temperature
independent pseudogap (PG) phenomena existing primarily along the boundaries of
magnetic domains are observed in the zero-field tunneling spectra. The PG
becomes strongly suppressed by applied magnetic fields at low temperatures when
the tunneling spectra of LCMO become highly homogeneous. These findings suggest
that the occurrence PG is associated with the electronic heterogeneity of the
manganites.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures. Published in Physical Review B. Corresponding
author: Nai-Chang Yeh (E-mail: [email protected]
Optical surface waves in periodic layered media
A generalized analysis of wave propagation in periodic layered media is applied to the special case of optical surface waves. These waves, confined to the interface between a periodic layered medium and a homogeneous medium, are formally analogous to electronic surface states in crystals. Single-mode surface-wave propagation along the surface of a GaAs-AlGaAs multilayer stack (grown by molecular-beam epitaxy) has been observed experimentally
Fiber distributed feedback laser
Utilizing round optical fibers as communication channels in optical communication networks presents the problem of obtaining a high efficiency coupling between the optical fiber and the laser. A laser is made an integral part of the optical fiber channel by either diffusing active material into the optical fiber or surrounding the optical fiber with the active material. Oscillation within the active medium to produce lasing action is established by grating the optical fiber so that distributed feedback occurs
Conservation relations and anisotropic transmission resonances in one-dimensional PT-symmetric photonic heterostructures
We analyze the optical properties of one-dimensional (1D) PT-symmetric
structures of arbitrary complexity. These structures violate normal unitarity
(photon flux conservation) but are shown to satisfy generalized unitarity
relations, which relate the elements of the scattering matrix and lead to a
conservation relation in terms of the transmittance and (left and right)
reflectances. One implication of this relation is that there exist anisotropic
transmission resonances in PT-symmetric systems, frequencies at which there is
unit transmission and zero reflection, but only for waves incident from a
single side. The spatial profile of these transmission resonances is symmetric,
and they can occur even at PT-symmetry breaking points. The general
conservation relations can be utilized as an experimental signature of the
presence of PT-symmetry and of PT-symmetry breaking transitions. The uniqueness
of PT-symmetry breaking transitions of the scattering matrix is briefly
discussed by comparing to the corresponding non-Hermitian Hamiltonians.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
Comment on ``Effective Mass and g-Factor of Four Flux Quanta Composite Fermions"
In a recent Letter, Yeh et al.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 592 (1999)] have shown
beautiful experimental results which indicate that the composite fermions with
four flux quanta (CF) behave as fermions with mass and spin just like those
with two flux quanta. They observed the collapse of the fractional quantum Hall
gaps when the following condition is satisfied with some integer ,
, where and
are the g-factor and the cyclotron frequency of the CF,
respectively. However, in their picture the gap at the Fermi energy remains
always finite even if the above condition is satisfied, thus the reason of the
collapse was left as a mystery. In this comment it is shown that part of the
mystery is resolved by considering the electron-hole symmetry properly.Comment: 2 pages, RevTeX. Minor chang
A Judicial Postscript to the Church-State Debates of 1989: How Porous the Wall, How Civil the State?
This work is a continuation of the debate regarding the Establishment Clause. The focus lies with Justice O’Connor’s concurrence in County of Allegheny v. ACLU and how this opinion harkens back to a concept shared by Jefferson and Madison, that the establishment clause is designed to prevent government favoritism
MHD boundary layers with non-equilibrium ionization and finite rates Quarterly report, 1 Jun. - 1 Sep. 1969
Ionization and recombination rates in boundary layer of magnetohydrodynamic channel electrod
Universal vortex-state Hall conductivity of YBa2Cu3O7 single crystals with differing correlated disorder
The vortex-state Hall conductivity ([sigma][sub]xy) of YBa2Cu3O7 single crystals in the anomalous-sign-reversal region is found to be independent of the density and orientation of the correlated disorder. After the anisotropic-to-isotropic scaling transformation is carried out, a universal scaled Hall conductivity [sigma][bar][sub]xy is obtained as a function of the reduced temperature (T/T[sub]c) and scaled magnetic field strength (H[bar]) for five samples with different densities and orientation of controlled defects. The transport scattering times {tau], derived from applying the model given by Feigel'man et al (Feigel'man M V, Geshkenbein V B, Larkin A I and Vinokur V M 1995 Pis. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 62 811 (Engl. Transl. 1995 JETP Lett. 62 835)) to the universal Hall conductivity [sigma bar](T/T[sub]c, H[bar]), are consistent in magnitude with those derived from other measurements for quasiparticle scattering, and are much smaller than the thermal relaxation time of vortex displacement and than the vortex–defect interaction time. Our experimental results and analyses therefore suggest that the anomalous sign reversal in the vortex-state Hall conductivity is associated with the intrinsic properties of type-II superconductors, rather than extrinsic disorder effects
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